Communications Policy in Europe

I Introduction.- 1 Introduction: Current Issues in European Communications Polic.- 1. Characteristics of Recent Developments in Communications Policy.- 2. An Introduction to the Studies.- II Tariff and Competition Policies.- 2 Restructuring Telecommunication Tariffs: Policy Issues, Trends and Implication.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Cost/Price Controversy.- 3. The Telecommunication User’s Perspective.- 4. Selected Trends in Switched Service Pricing.- 5. Conclusion.- 3 The Optimum Access Charge Under Competitio.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Model.- 3. The Total Social Welfare.- 4. Access Charge: Two Viewpoints.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- 4 The Regulation of Competition and Entry in Markets for U.K. Telecommunications Services.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Developments in Telecoms Regulation since 1984.- 3. The Communications Infrastructure, Competition and the Duopoly Review.- 4. Price-Capping and Entry.- 5. Conclusions.- Comment Part II Godefroy Dang-Nguyen.- III International and Industrial Aspects of Telecommunications.- 5 Research and Development in Telecommunications: An International Compariso.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Some Theoretical and Methodological Remarks.- 3. International Comparison of R&D Expenditure.- 4. International Comparison of Patents.- 5. Characteristics of the National R&D Systems.- 6. Conclusions.- 6 Alternative Settlement Procedures in International Telecommunications Servic.- 1. Settlements in Telecommunications Services.- 2. International Settlements Simulation.- 3. Results.- 4. Conclusion.- Appendix A.- Appendix B.- Appendix C.- Comment Chapters 5 and 6 Hans-Peter Gassmann.- 7 Multinational Banking, the Theory of the Division of Labor and the Information and Communications Technologie.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Technology and the Extent of the Market.- 3. Internationalization and Multinationalization of Financial Markets.- 4. A Case Study.- 5. Theories of Internationalization.- 6. The Economic Theory of the Division of Labor.- 7. Banking and the International Division of Labor.- 8. Conclusion.- Comment Chapter David Mllen.- IV Regulatory Models and Policies.- 8 Changing Regulatory Policies: The Danish Case.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Organisation and Regulatory Tradition of the Danish Telecommunications Industry.- 3. Present Development of Regulatory Policies.- 4. Some Theoretical Reflections.- 5. Comparative Advantages of Denmark Facing an Internal Market for the Telecommunications Industry.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- 9 Chances and Problems of Liberalization of Telecommunications in Hungar.- 1. Economic Problems — Legislative Changes in Hungary.- 2. The Situation and Future of Hungarian Telecommunications.- 3. Restructuring of the Hungarian PTT.- Appendix: Comparison of Joint Ventures in the East European Countries.- 10 Regulatory Instruments and EEC Powers to Regulate Telecommunications Services in Europ.- 1. Regulatory Instruments.- 2. Regulatory Powers in the Telecommunications Field.- 3. Directives and Technical Standards.- 4. European Policy-Making in the Telecommunications Field: Preliminary Remarks.- Comment Part IV W. R. B. Wigglesworth.- V Convergence of Broadcasting and Telecommunications.- 11 Diverging Regulatory Scenarios for Integrating Broadband Communication.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Systems Organization.- 3. Service Requirements.- 4. Regulation Policies.- 5. Evolving Regulatory Scenarios.- 6. Conclusions.- 12 The Convergence of Broadcasting and Telecommunications in Japa.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Background of the Convergence of Broadcasting and Telecommunications.- 3. Main Issues in Policy Making with Regard to Convergence of Broadcasting and Telecommunications.- 4. Theoretical Considerations.- 5. Conclusion.- 13 Telecommunication and Audiovisual Legal Regimes in Franc.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Licensing.- 3. Licences.- 4. Concluding Notes.- Comment Part V Nicholas Garnham.- List of Contributors.