Tasek Bera

1. Introduction.- 2. General description of Tasek Bera.- 2.1 Locality and physiography (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 2.2 Origin and history (R. J. Morley).- 2.2.1 Introduction.- 2.2.2 Geological framework.- 2.2.3 Tasek Bera as part of the Sungai Pahang-Sungai Muar drainage system.- 2.2.4 Sedimentary history.- 2.2.5 Vegetational history.- 2.2.6 Conclusion.- 2.3 Climate (R.P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 2.4 Study area and stations (T. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, I. Ikusima and J. I. Furtado).- 2.5 Land utilisation (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 3. Environmental conditions.- 3.1 Physical properties (I. Ikusima and R. P. Lim).- 3.1.1 Light.- 3.1.2 Air, water and land temperature (R. P. Lim, J. I. Furtado and I. Ikusima).- 3.1.3 Water velocity and flux within the study area (I. Ikusima, T. Mizuno, S. Mori and O. Sato).- 3.1.4 Water level fluctuations (T. Mizuno and R. P. Lim).- 3.2 Chemical properties (R. P. Lim, J. I. Furtado and O. Sato).- 3.2.1 Dissolved gases: oxygen and carbon dioxide (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim. J. I. Furtado and O. Sato).- 3.2.2 pH and RpH (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim and T. Mizuno).- 3.2.3 Alkalinity (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 3.2.4 Conductivity (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 3.2.5 Cations (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 3.2.6 Anions(R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 3.3 Diel behaviour (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 3.4 Daily behaviour (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 3.5 Geochemical aspects of the aquatic environment Sato).- 3.5.1 Dynamics of oxygen and carbon dioxide in relation to decomposition of organic matter.- 3.5.2 Studies on the gases dissolved in water and in the bottom sediments (T. Koyama and O. Sato).- 3.5.3 The distribution and dynamics of calcium (T. Mizuno and M. Yoshimi).- 4. Decomposition.- 4.1 Distribution and activity of microbes (Y. Tezuka).- 4.1.1 Population density and standing crop of bacteria and fungi (Y. Tezuka, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 4.1.2 Microbial contribution to decomposition in water and mud (Y. Tezuka).- 4.2 Decomposition of plants (O. Sato).- 4.2.1 Litter production by forest trees.- 4.2.2 Amount of dying plants.- 4.2.3 Weight-loss of dead plants through decomposition.- 4.2.4 Chemical changes in decomposing plants.- 4.3 Origin of black water (O. Sato).- 4.3.1 Distribution of colouring material.- 4.3.2 Chemical properties of the colouring material.- 4.3.3 Role of depositing mud.- 4.3.4 Colouring of water in Tasek Bera by dissolved plant material from the swamp-forest and macrophytes in the Lepironia reed swamp (O. Sato and Y. Tezuka).- 4.3.5 Reaction of iron to colouring matter.- 5. Primary production (I. Ikusima and J. I. Furtado).- 5.1 Classification of primary producers (I. Ikusima).- 5.1.1 Algae (M. Ratnasabapathy, S. Kumano, T. Watanabe and T. Mizuno).- 5.1.2 Macrophytes (I. Ikusima and E. Soepadmo).- 5.2 Population density and standing crop (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 5.2.1 Phytoplankton (T. Okino, R. P. Lim, J. I. Furtado, S. Kumano and T. Mizuno).- 5.2.2 Epiphytic and benthic algae (T. Watanabe, S. Kumano and T. Mizuno).- 5.2.3 Submerged macrophytes (I. Ikusima and S. Kumano).- 5.2.4 Emergent macrophytes (I. Ikusima, S. Kumano and T. Mizuno).- 5.3 Structure of Lepironia stands (I. Ikusima).- 5.3.1 Vertical profile (I. Ikusima and S. Kumano).- 5.3.2 Spatial distribution (I. Ikusima).- 5.4 Growth of Lepironia (I. Ikusima).- 5.4.1 Growth curve.- 5.4.2 Life table.- 5.5 Photosynthetic production (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim and T. Okino).- 5.5.1 Phytoplankton (T. Okino and R. P. Lim).- 5.5.2 Epiphytic algae (T. Watanabe, S. Kumano and I. Ikusima).- 5.5.3 Submerged macrophytes (I. Ikusima and S. Kumano).- 5.5.4 Emergent macrophytes (I. Ikusima).- 5.6 Production estimates based on oxygen dynamics in a closed water column (I. Ikusima).- 6. Secondary production.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Zooplankton (T. Mizuno, H. Fernando and R. P. Lim).- 6.2.1 History of study (T. Mizuno).- 6.2.2 Classification of Zooplankton (T. Mizuno).- 6.2.3 Composition and comparison of Zooplankton associations (T. Mizuno, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 6.2.4 Seasonal fluctuations of Zooplankton (T. Mizuno and R, P. Lim).- 6.3 Benthos and attached animals (T. Mizuno, K. Gose, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 6.3.1 History of study (T. Mizuno).- 6.3.2 Classification of aquatic insects (T. Mizuno).- 6.3.3 Composition and comparison of aquatic organisms (R. P. Lim, J.I. Furtado, T. Mizuno and K. Gose).- 6.3.4 Benthic animal associations (T. Mizuno, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 6.3.5 Emergence and growth of aquatic insects (K. Gose and T. Mizuno).- 6.4 Shrimps, crabs and molluscs (T. Mizuno).- 6.4.1 History of study.- 6.4.2 Distribution and standing crop of shrimps.- 6.4.3 Growth and breeding patterns of shrimps.- 6.5 Grasshoppers and spiders (T. Mizuno).- 6.5.1 History of study.- 6.5.2 Productivity of the grasshopper.- 6.5.3 Density of spiders.- 7. Ecological notes on fishes.- 7.1 Composition of fish communities (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, Y. Shiraishi, M. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).- 7.1.1 Faunal composition.- 7.1.2 Quantitative composition of the ichthyofauna.- 7.2 Fish associations in relation to habitat types (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, M. Nagai, Y. Shiraishi and J. I. Furtado).- 7.3 Diurnal rhythm of activity (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, M. Nagai, Y. Shiraishi and J. I. Furtado).- 7.4 Food habits (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, Y. Shiraishi, M. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).- 7.5 Seasonal growth rates of several fishes (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, N. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).- 8. General discussion.- 8.1 Food chain (T. Mizuno and J. I. Furtado).- 8.2 Biogeochemical cycling.- 8.3 Productivity (I. Ikusima, J. I. Furtado, S. Mori, T. Mizuno and Y. Tezuka).- 8.4 Conservation and management (S. Mori and J. I. Furtado).- Appendix I.- Appendix II.- References.